USMLE Step 1 - some bacterial virulence proteins

TABLE 3. SOME EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIAL PROTEINS THAT ARE CONSIDERED INVASINS

Invasin	Bacteria Involved	Activity
Hyaluronidase	Streptococci, staphylococci and clostridia	Degrades hyaluronic of connective tissue
Collagenase	Clostridiumspecies	Dissolves collagen framework of muscles
Neuraminidase	Vibrio choleraeand Shigella dysenteriae	Degrades neuraminic acid of intestinal mucosa
Coagulase	Staphylococcus aureus	Converts fibrinogen to fibrin which causes clotting
Kinases	Staphylococci and streptococci	Converts plasminogen to plasmin which digests fibrin
Leukocidin	Staphylococcus aureus	Disrupts neutrophil membranes and causes discharge of lysosomal granules
Streptolysin	Streptococcus pyogenes	Repels phagocytes and disrupts phagocyte membrane and causes discharge of lysosomal granules
Hemolysins	Streptococci, staphylococci and clostridia	Phospholipases or lecithinases that destroy red blood cells (and other cells) by lysis
Lecithinases	Clostridium perfringens	Destroy lecithin in cell membranes
Phospholipases	Clostridium perfringens	Destroy phospholipids in cell membrane
Anthrax EF	Bacillus anthracis	One component (EF) is an adenylate cyclase which causes increased levels of intracellular cyclic AMP
Pertussis AC	Bordetella pertussis	One toxin component is an adenylate cyclase that acts locally producing an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP