Usmle notes
Monday, December 12, 2016
Wednesday, November 30, 2016
Friday, January 8, 2016
Useful Microbiology Charts - USMLE - First Air Uworld .. parasitology bacteriology fungus
Those are very useful tables (charts) in .pdf format, with main features, gram stain, antibiotic therapy, common diseases .
Bacteria
http://medfools.com/downloads/Bacteria.pdf
Fungus
http://medfools.com/downloads/fungus.pdf
Parasites
http://medfools.com/downloads/parasite.pdf
Bacteria
http://medfools.com/downloads/Bacteria.pdf
Fungus
http://medfools.com/downloads/fungus.pdf
Parasites
http://medfools.com/downloads/parasite.pdf
Wednesday, January 6, 2016
Bacterial toxins, different table that may help you review .. missing many examples
NAME OF TOXIN | BACTERIUM INVOLVED | ACTIVITY |
Anthrax toxin (EF) | Bacillus anthracis | Edema Factor (EF) is an adenylate cyclase that causes increased levels in intracellular cyclic AMP in phagocytes and formation of ion-permeable pores in membranes (hemolysis) |
Adenylate cyclase toxin | Bordetella pertussis | Acts locally to increase levels of cyclic AMP in phagocytes and formation of ion-permeable pores in membranes (hemolysis) |
Cholera enterotoxin | Vibrio cholerae | ADP ribosylation of G proteins stimulates adenylate cyclase and increases cAMP in cells of the GI tract, causing secretion of water and electrolytes |
E. coli LT toxin | Escherichia coli | Similar to cholera toxin |
Shiga toxin | Shigella dysenteriae | Enzymatically cleaves rRNA resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis in susceptible cells |
Botulinum toxin | Clostridium botulinum | Zn++ dependent protease that inhibits neurotransmission at neuromuscular synapses resulting in flaccid paralysis |
Tetanus toxin | Clostridium tetani | Zn++ dependent protease that inhibits neurotransmission at inhibitory synapses resulting in spastic paralysis |
Diphtheria toxin | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2 leads to inhibition of protein synthesis in target cells |
Pertussis toxin | Bordetella pertussis | ADP ribosylation of G proteins blocks inhibition of adenylate cyclase in susceptible cells |
Staphylococcus enterotoxins* | Staphylococcus aureus | Massive activation of the immune system, including lymphocytes and macrophages, leads to emesis (vomiting) |
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)* | Staphylococcus aureus | Acts on the vascular system causing inflammation, fever and shock |
Pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) e.g. Erythrogenic toxin (scarlet fever toxin)* | Streptococcus pyogenes | Causes localized erythematous reactions |
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